Mortality factors are modelled by fuzzy numbers when pricing substandard annuities. Fuzzy mortality factors are then estimated by confidence intervals. A fuzzy inference system is designed to determine substandard annuity payments. Numerical [...]
Mortality factors are modelled by fuzzy numbers when pricing substandard annuities. Fuzzy mortality factors are then estimated by confidence intervals. A fuzzy inference system is designed to determine substandard annuity payments. Numerical [...]